Instrument Rating Checkride Practice Test

Under what condition can you descend below MDA/DA?

1. When established on final approach

2. When in a holding pattern

3. When weather is below minimums

4. When at least one visual reference is distinctly identifiable

The correct answer is: When at least one visual reference is distinctly identifiable

Descending below Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) or Decision Altitude (DA) is permitted when at least one visual reference is distinctly identifiable. This aligns with the regulations and safety protocols governing instrument flight rules (IFR). The key principle here is that the pilot must have identifiable visual cues from the approach, such as the runway environment or other landmarks that indicate a safe approach to landing. When a pilot is on an instrument approach, the MDA/DA defines the minimum altitude at which a pilot must maintain flight when transitioning from instruments to visual flight. If the pilot can identify visual references that confirm they are on the correct flight path, they can safely descend in compliance with regulations. This ensures that the pilot has sufficient situational awareness and can execute a safe landing or go-around as needed. The other conditions presented do not provide the necessary authority or safety assurance to descend below MDA/DA. For example, being established on final approach does not inherently allow for descent without visual confirmation. Similarly, being in a holding pattern does not relate to the conditions for descent on approach, and descending when the weather is below minimums contradicts regulations that are designed to maintain safety. Therefore, the ability to identify visual references is crucial for making the decision